TECHNOLOGY | 9 MIN TO READ
Effective blade heating for wind turbines – an overview
Are your turbines affected by icing?
Find out more about this topic in our whitepaper on blade heating.
Rotor blade heating solutions
There are two main solutions for rotor blade heating established by wind turbine manufacturers (OEMs) on the market:
- hot air heating inside the rotor blade
- electro-thermal heating elements laminated in the blade surface
Hot air inside the blade
With this method, a heater-fan unit creates an air flow in specific channels in the rotor blade. The hot air passes by the leading edge, warms up the shell material to the blade surface above 0 °C and allows to thaw the ice layer. The same device can also be used as a de-icing system.
- enables continuous operation
- prevents ice accumulation
Electro-thermal heating elements
This method uses electro-thermal heating elements, which are embedded inside the rotor blade or laminated in the blade surface layer. This technology not only allows continuous operation, but also effectively prevents ice accumulation.
The operating strategy of the rotor blade heating plays a key role in both systems. This should be taken into account to optimize efficiency, reduce heating costs and prevent overheating and damages due to overheating.
Wind turbine rotor blade heating solutions from OEMS
Different OEMs* have developed different approaches to rotor blade heating to meet specific requirements.
Enercon
Enercon’s technology combines an ice detection system with hot air circulation inside the rotor blades for efficient de-icing. The duration of the de-icing process depends on the ambient temperature and wind speed. As soon as the process is complete, the turbine can be restarted with ice-free rotor blades. At sites with minimal icing risk, the system allows de-icing to be carried out while the turbine remains running.
Key design features**
- Energy consumption between 46kW and 225kW
- first prototype in 1996
- more than 3000 blade heating systems installed worldwide
Nordex
The Nordex system consists of an ice sensor and electrothermal heating mats (underneath the blade surface) at the leading edge of each rotor blade. The sensors continuously monitor ambient conditions and report the status to the wind turbine’s operational management system.
If icing conditions appear, the system offers two different options:
- stopping the turbine to protect structural integrity or
- removing the accumulated ice via the Nordex Advanced Anti-Icing system (AAIS)
Siemens Gamesa***
Siemens Gamesa relies on a blade heating system** with an ice detection system, blade heating elements (integrated into the blade surface at the OEM) and a system to control the de-icing strategy.
Siemens Wind Power De-icing Strategy
- ice detected (through power curve deterioration, ice detection sensor or low toque ice detector)
- the turbine is stopped in static or idle mode (0-2 Rotor rpm)
- the nacelle yaws so the rotor is in “back-wind” or in “safe angel of rotor disc vs. nearby objects”
- De-icing is activated on all three blades
- After x min, the nacelle yaws back into the wind
- Once the turbine is producing again, de-icing is deactivated
Vestas
Vestas offers various solutions for sites with cold climates. The Vestas Anti-Icing System™ combines several independent heating elements and levels, which – according to Vestas – enable anti-icing measures tailored to the respective icing event.
- Individual powering of heating elements to secure equal power distribution where it is needed
- Compatible with Vestas Ice Control (optional feature of the Vestas SCADA system that orchestrates the standard yawing and pausing functionalities of the turbine with different ice mitigation actions)
Retrofittable heating solutions for wind turbine rotor blades
In addition to manufacturer solutions, there are various providers who offer retrofittable solutions. You can find more details in our white paper on blade heating.
Source (if there is no link in the text):
**Charles Godreau (2022): Tackling Icing on Wind Turbines with Ice Protection Systems, Current State -of-the-Art and Future Research, NERGICA, IGW Wind Industry Stakeholder Meeting
*** Will heat be the winner in de-icing turbine blades? | Reuters Events | Renewables. (o. D.). Abgerufen am 20. Oktober 2022, von https://www.reutersevents.com/renewables/wind-energy-update/will-heat-be-winner-de-icing-turbine-blades & Siemens Gamesa. (o. D.). Onshore technological solutions. Abgerufen am 17. September 2022, von https://www.siemensgamesa.com/en-int/-/media/siemensgamesa/downloads/en/products-and-services/onshore/brochures/siemens-gamesa-onshore-tech-solutions-en.pdf
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Effective blade heating for wind turbines
Wind turbines are exposed to various environmental influences all over the year – with sometimes considerable effects on performance, yield and safety. Icing also plays a major role here. Innovative blade heating systems therefore offer various approaches to solving the icing problem and protecting the environment and your service team.
Anti-Icing vs. De-Icing – what’s the difference?
To ensure efficient and reliable power generation from wind turbines, they must be regularly maintained and inspected to identify and rectify potential problems such as imbalances. There are basically two types of imbalance that can occur in wind turbines: mass imbalance and aerodynamic imbalance.